Bump fastapi from 0.109.2 to 0.112.2 (#3604)

Bumps [fastapi](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi) from 0.109.2 to 0.112.2.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/releases)
- [Commits](https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/compare/0.109.2...0.112.2)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: fastapi
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

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Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Falko Schindler <falko@zauberzeug.com>