reflex/pynecone/state.py

"""Define the pynecone state specification."""
from __future__ import annotations

import asyncio
import functools
import traceback
from abc import ABC
from typing import Any, Callable, ClassVar, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Set, Type

import cloudpickle
from redis import Redis

from pynecone import constants, utils
from pynecone.base import Base
from pynecone.event import Event, EventHandler, window_alert
from pynecone.var import BaseVar, ComputedVar, PCList, Var

Delta = Dict[str, Any]


class State(Base, ABC):
    """The state of the app."""

    # A map from the var name to the var.
    vars: ClassVar[Dict[str, Var]] = {}

    # The base vars of the class.
    base_vars: ClassVar[Dict[str, BaseVar]] = {}

    # The computed vars of the class.
    computed_vars: ClassVar[Dict[str, ComputedVar]] = {}

    # Vars inherited by the parent state.
    inherited_vars: ClassVar[Dict[str, Var]] = {}

    # Backend vars that are never sent to the client.
    backend_vars: ClassVar[Dict[str, Any]] = {}

    # The parent state.
    parent_state: Optional[State] = None

    # The substates of the state.
    substates: Dict[str, State] = {}

    # The set of dirty vars.
    dirty_vars: Set[str] = set()

    # The set of dirty substates.
    dirty_substates: Set[str] = set()

    # The routing path that triggered the state
    router_data: Dict[str, Any] = {}

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Initialize the state.

        Args:
            *args: The args to pass to the Pydantic init method.
            **kwargs: The kwargs to pass to the Pydantic init method.
        """
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        # Setup the substates.
        for substate in self.get_substates():
            self.substates[substate.get_name()] = substate().set(parent_state=self)

        self._init_mutable_fields()

    def _init_mutable_fields(self):
        """Initialize mutable fields.

        So that mutation to them can be detected by the app:
        * list
        """
        for field in self.base_vars.values():
            value = getattr(self, field.name)

            value_in_pc_data = _convert_mutable_datatypes(
                value, self._reassign_field, field.name
            )

            if utils._issubclass(field.type_, List):
                setattr(self, field.name, value_in_pc_data)

        self.clean()

    def _reassign_field(self, field_name: str):
        """Reassign the given field.

        Primarily for mutation in fields of mutable data types.

        Args:
            field_name: The name of the field we want to reassign
        """
        setattr(
            self,
            field_name,
            getattr(self, field_name),
        )

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        """Get the string representation of the state.

        Returns:
            The string representation of the state.
        """
        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.dict()})"

    @classmethod
    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
        """Do some magic for the subclass initialization.

        Args:
            **kwargs: The kwargs to pass to the pydantic init_subclass method.
        """
        super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)

        # Get the parent vars.
        parent_state = cls.get_parent_state()
        if parent_state is not None:
            cls.inherited_vars = parent_state.vars

        cls.backend_vars = {
            name: value
            for name, value in cls.__dict__.items()
            if utils.is_backend_variable(name)
        }

        # Set the base and computed vars.
        skip_vars = set(cls.inherited_vars) | {
            "parent_state",
            "substates",
            "dirty_vars",
            "dirty_substates",
            "router_data",
        }
        cls.base_vars = {
            f.name: BaseVar(name=f.name, type_=f.outer_type_).set_state(cls)
            for f in cls.get_fields().values()
            if f.name not in skip_vars
        }
        cls.computed_vars = {
            v.name: v.set_state(cls)
            for v in cls.__dict__.values()
            if isinstance(v, ComputedVar)
        }
        cls.vars = {
            **cls.inherited_vars,
            **cls.base_vars,
            **cls.computed_vars,
        }

        # Setup the base vars at the class level.
        for prop in cls.base_vars.values():
            cls._init_var(prop)

        # Set up the event handlers.
        events = {
            name: fn
            for name, fn in cls.__dict__.items()
            if not name.startswith("_") and isinstance(fn, Callable)
        }
        for name, fn in events.items():
            event_handler = EventHandler(fn=fn)
            setattr(cls, name, event_handler)

    @classmethod
    @functools.lru_cache()
    def get_parent_state(cls) -> Optional[Type[State]]:
        """Get the parent state.

        Returns:
            The parent state.
        """
        parent_states = [
            base
            for base in cls.__bases__
            if utils._issubclass(base, State) and base is not State
        ]
        assert len(parent_states) < 2, "Only one parent state is allowed."
        return parent_states[0] if len(parent_states) == 1 else None  # type: ignore

    @classmethod
    @functools.lru_cache()
    def get_substates(cls) -> Set[Type[State]]:
        """Get the substates of the state.

        Returns:
            The substates of the state.
        """
        return set(cls.__subclasses__())

    @classmethod
    @functools.lru_cache()
    def get_name(cls) -> str:
        """Get the name of the state.

        Returns:
            The name of the state.
        """
        return utils.to_snake_case(cls.__name__)

    @classmethod
    @functools.lru_cache()
    def get_full_name(cls) -> str:
        """Get the full name of the state.

        Returns:
            The full name of the state.
        """
        name = cls.get_name()
        parent_state = cls.get_parent_state()
        if parent_state is not None:
            name = ".".join((parent_state.get_full_name(), name))
        return name

    @classmethod
    @functools.lru_cache()
    def get_class_substate(cls, path: Sequence[str]) -> Type[State]:
        """Get the class substate.

        Args:
            path: The path to the substate.

        Returns:
            The class substate.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the substate is not found.
        """
        if len(path) == 0:
            return cls
        if path[0] == cls.get_name():
            if len(path) == 1:
                return cls
            path = path[1:]
        for substate in cls.get_substates():
            if path[0] == substate.get_name():
                return substate.get_class_substate(path[1:])
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid path: {path}")

    @classmethod
    def get_class_var(cls, path: Sequence[str]) -> Any:
        """Get the class var.

        Args:
            path: The path to the var.

        Returns:
            The class var.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the path is invalid.
        """
        path, name = path[:-1], path[-1]
        substate = cls.get_class_substate(tuple(path))
        if not hasattr(substate, name):
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid path: {path}")
        return getattr(substate, name)

    @classmethod
    def _init_var(cls, prop: BaseVar):
        """Initialize a variable.

        Args:
            prop (BaseVar): The variable to initialize

        Raises:
            TypeError: if the variable has an incorrect type
        """
        if not utils.is_valid_var_type(prop.type_):
            raise TypeError(
                "State vars must be primitive Python types, "
                "Plotly figures, Pandas dataframes, "
                "or subclasses of pc.Base. "
                f'Found var "{prop.name}" with type {prop.type_}.'
            )
        cls._set_var(prop)
        cls._create_setter(prop)
        cls._set_default_value(prop)

    @classmethod
    def add_var(cls, name: str, type_: Any, default_value: Any = None):
        """Add dynamically a variable to the State.

        The variable added this way can be used in the same way as a variable
        defined statically in the model.

        Args:
            name: The name of the variable
            type_: The type of the variable
            default_value: The default value of the variable

        Raises:
            NameError: if a variable of this name already exists
        """
        if name in cls.__fields__:
            raise NameError(
                f"The variable '{name}' already exist. Use a different name"
            )

        # create the variable based on name and type
        var = BaseVar(name=name, type_=type_)
        var.set_state(cls)

        # add the pydantic field dynamically (must be done before _init_var)
        cls.add_field(var, default_value)

        cls._init_var(var)

        # update the internal dicts so the new variable is correctly handled
        cls.base_vars.update({name: var})
        cls.vars.update({name: var})

    @classmethod
    def _set_var(cls, prop: BaseVar):
        """Set the var as a class member.

        Args:
            prop: The var instance to set.
        """
        setattr(cls, prop.name, prop)

    @classmethod
    def _create_setter(cls, prop: BaseVar):
        """Create a setter for the var.

        Args:
            prop: The var to create a setter for.
        """
        setter_name = prop.get_setter_name(include_state=False)
        if setter_name not in cls.__dict__:
            setattr(cls, setter_name, prop.get_setter())

    @classmethod
    def _set_default_value(cls, prop: BaseVar):
        """Set the default value for the var.

        Args:
            prop: The var to set the default value for.
        """
        # Get the pydantic field for the var.
        field = cls.get_fields()[prop.name]
        default_value = prop.get_default_value()
        if field.required and default_value is not None:
            field.required = False
            field.default = default_value

    def get_token(self) -> str:
        """Return the token of the client associated with this state.

        Returns:
            The token of the client.
        """
        return self.router_data.get(constants.RouteVar.CLIENT_TOKEN, "")

    def get_sid(self) -> str:
        """Return the session ID of the client associated with this state.

        Returns:
            The session ID of the client.
        """
        return self.router_data.get(constants.RouteVar.SESSION_ID, "")

    def get_headers(self) -> Dict:
        """Return the headers of the client associated with this state.

        Returns:
            The headers of the client.
        """
        return self.router_data.get(constants.RouteVar.HEADERS, {})

    def get_client_ip(self) -> str:
        """Return the IP of the client associated with this state.

        Returns:
            The IP of the client.
        """
        return self.router_data.get(constants.RouteVar.CLIENT_IP, "")

    def get_current_page(self) -> str:
        """Obtain the path of current page from the router data.

        Returns:
            The current page.
        """
        return self.router_data.get(constants.RouteVar.PATH, "")

    def get_query_params(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
        """Obtain the query parameters for the queried page.

        The query object contains both the URI parameters and the GET parameters.

        Returns:
            The dict of query parameters.
        """
        return self.router_data.get(constants.RouteVar.QUERY, {})

    @classmethod
    def setup_dynamic_args(cls, args: dict[str, str]):
        """Set up args for easy access in renderer.

        Args:
            args: a dict of args
        """

        def argsingle_factory(param):
            @ComputedVar
            def inner_func(self) -> str:
                return self.get_query_params().get(param, "")

            return inner_func

        def arglist_factory(param):
            @ComputedVar
            def inner_func(self) -> List:
                return self.get_query_params().get(param, [])

            return inner_func

        for param, value in args.items():
            if value == constants.RouteArgType.SINGLE:
                func = argsingle_factory(param)
            elif value == constants.RouteArgType.LIST:
                func = arglist_factory(param)
            else:
                continue
            cls.computed_vars[param] = func.set_state(cls)  # type: ignore
            setattr(cls, param, func)

    def __getattribute__(self, name: str) -> Any:
        """Get the state var.

        If the var is inherited, get the var from the parent state.

        Args:
            name: The name of the var.

        Returns:
            The value of the var.
        """
        # Get the var from the parent state.
        if name in super().__getattribute__("inherited_vars"):
            return getattr(super().__getattribute__("parent_state"), name)
        elif name in super().__getattribute__("backend_vars"):
            return super().__getattribute__("backend_vars").__getitem__(name)
        return super().__getattribute__(name)

    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any):
        """Set the attribute.

        If the attribute is inherited, set the attribute on the parent state.

        Args:
            name: The name of the attribute.
            value: The value of the attribute.
        """
        # Set the var on the parent state.
        if name in self.inherited_vars:
            setattr(self.parent_state, name, value)
            return

        if utils.is_backend_variable(name):
            self.backend_vars.__setitem__(name, value)
            self.mark_dirty()
            return

        # Set the attribute.
        super().__setattr__(name, value)

        # Add the var to the dirty list.
        if name in self.vars:
            self.dirty_vars.add(name)
            self.mark_dirty()

    def reset(self):
        """Reset all the base vars to their default values."""
        # Reset the base vars.
        fields = self.get_fields()
        for prop_name in self.base_vars:
            setattr(self, prop_name, fields[prop_name].default)

        # Recursively reset the substates.
        for substate in self.substates.values():
            substate.reset()

        # Clean the state.
        self.clean()

    def get_substate(self, path: Sequence[str]) -> Optional[State]:
        """Get the substate.

        Args:
            path: The path to the substate.

        Returns:
            The substate.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If the substate is not found.
        """
        if len(path) == 0:
            return self
        if path[0] == self.get_name():
            if len(path) == 1:
                return self
            path = path[1:]
        if path[0] not in self.substates:
            raise ValueError(f"Invalid path: {path}")
        return self.substates[path[0]].get_substate(path[1:])

    async def process(self, event: Event) -> StateUpdate:
        """Process an event.

        Args:
            event: The event to process.

        Returns:
            The state update after processing the event.
        """
        # Get the event handler.
        path = event.name.split(".")
        path, name = path[:-1], path[-1]
        substate = self.get_substate(path)
        handler = getattr(substate, name)

        # Process the event.
        fn = functools.partial(handler.fn, substate)
        try:
            if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(fn.func):
                events = await fn(**event.payload)
            else:
                events = fn(**event.payload)
        except Exception:
            error = traceback.format_exc()
            print(error)
            return StateUpdate(
                events=[window_alert("An error occurred. See logs for details.")]
            )

        # Fix the returned events.
        events = utils.fix_events(events, event.token)

        # Get the delta after processing the event.
        delta = self.get_delta()

        # Reset the dirty vars.
        self.clean()

        # Return the state update.
        return StateUpdate(delta=delta, events=events)

    def get_delta(self) -> Delta:
        """Get the delta for the state.

        Returns:
            The delta for the state.
        """
        delta = {}

        # Return the dirty vars, as well as all computed vars.
        subdelta = {
            prop: getattr(self, prop)
            for prop in self.dirty_vars | self.computed_vars.keys()
        }
        if len(subdelta) > 0:
            delta[self.get_full_name()] = subdelta

        # Recursively find the substate deltas.
        substates = self.substates
        for substate in self.dirty_substates:
            delta.update(substates[substate].get_delta())

        # Format the delta.
        delta = utils.format_state(delta)

        # Return the delta.
        return delta

    def mark_dirty(self):
        """Mark the substate and all parent states as dirty."""
        if self.parent_state is not None:
            self.parent_state.dirty_substates.add(self.get_name())
            self.parent_state.mark_dirty()

    def clean(self):
        """Reset the dirty vars."""
        # Recursively clean the substates.
        for substate in self.dirty_substates:
            self.substates[substate].clean()

        # Clean this state.
        self.dirty_vars = set()
        self.dirty_substates = set()

    def dict(self, include_computed: bool = True, **kwargs) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Convert the object to a dictionary.

        Args:
            include_computed: Whether to include computed vars.
            **kwargs: Kwargs to pass to the pydantic dict method.

        Returns:
            The object as a dictionary.
        """
        base_vars = {
            prop_name: self.get_value(getattr(self, prop_name))
            for prop_name in self.base_vars
        }
        computed_vars = (
            {
                # Include the computed vars.
                prop_name: self.get_value(getattr(self, prop_name))
                for prop_name in self.computed_vars
            }
            if include_computed
            else {}
        )
        substate_vars = {
            k: v.dict(include_computed=include_computed, **kwargs)
            for k, v in self.substates.items()
        }
        vars = {**base_vars, **computed_vars, **substate_vars}
        return {k: vars[k] for k in sorted(vars)}


class DefaultState(State):
    """The default empty state."""

    pass


class StateUpdate(Base):
    """A state update sent to the frontend."""

    # The state delta.
    delta: Delta = {}

    # Events to be added to the event queue.
    events: List[Event] = []


class StateManager(Base):
    """A class to manage many client states."""

    # The state class to use.
    state: Type[State] = DefaultState

    # The mapping of client ids to states.
    states: Dict[str, State] = {}

    # The token expiration time (s).
    token_expiration: int = constants.TOKEN_EXPIRATION

    # The redis client to use.
    redis: Optional[Redis] = None

    def setup(self, state: Type[State]):
        """Set up the state manager.

        Args:
            state: The state class to use.
        """
        self.state = state
        self.redis = utils.get_redis()

    def get_state(self, token: str) -> State:
        """Get the state for a token.

        Args:
            token: The token to get the state for.

        Returns:
            The state for the token.
        """
        if self.redis is not None:
            redis_state = self.redis.get(token)
            if redis_state is None:
                self.set_state(token, self.state())
                return self.get_state(token)
            return cloudpickle.loads(redis_state)

        if token not in self.states:
            self.states[token] = self.state()
        return self.states[token]

    def set_state(self, token: str, state: State):
        """Set the state for a token.

        Args:
            token: The token to set the state for.
            state: The state to set.
        """
        if self.redis is None:
            return
        self.redis.set(token, cloudpickle.dumps(state), ex=self.token_expiration)


def _convert_mutable_datatypes(
    field_value: Any, reassign_field: Callable, field_name: str
) -> Any:
    """Recursively convert mutable data to the Pc data types.

    Note: right now only list & dict would be handled recursively.

    Args:
        field_value: The target field_value.
        reassign_field:
            The function to reassign the field in the parent state.
        field_name: the name of the field in the parent state

    Returns:
        The converted field_value
    """
    if isinstance(field_value, list):
        for index in range(len(field_value)):
            field_value[index] = _convert_mutable_datatypes(
                field_value[index], reassign_field, field_name
            )

        field_value = PCList(
            field_value, reassign_field=reassign_field, field_name=field_name
        )

    if isinstance(field_value, dict):
        for key, value in field_value.items():
            field_value[key] = _convert_mutable_datatypes(
                value, reassign_field, field_name
            )

    return field_value